一、分词作状语的用法总结

分词作状语的用法总结

非谓语动词短语的形式包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式，它们在句子中可以充当不同的句子成分，本文就来谈一下如何处理考研英语中分词作状语的情况。

一、表时间兄销瞎,可以和时间状语从句互换。如：

Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.

When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.

When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.

二、表原因,可以和原因状语从句互换。羡空如：

Not knowing her address, I wasn't able to contact her.

Because I did not know her address, I wasn't able to contact her.

三、表条件,可以和条件状语从句互换。如：

Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.

If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.

四、表让步，可以和让步状语从句互换。如：

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

五、表方式，如：

He earns a living driving a truck.

I'm returning you letter as requested.

六、表伴随，如：

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.(考研阅读真题2014 Text 1)

在这个句子中，delighted分词短语作伴随状语，表示去求职中心的状态。

七、表结果，分词短语作结果状语在考研英语阅读中经常出现，并作为因果逻辑关系的考点出现在题干和选项中，请大家一定要注意非谓语动词短语的这种语法功能。如：

The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. (考研阅读真题2014 Text 2)

在这句话中，tempting分词短语作结果状语，表示最好的律师挣钱很多这种现象带来的结果是引起更多学生考法律学校。题干中的问题是A lot of students take up law as their profession due to，斗桐即学生学法律专业的原因是什么，这个问题从上句话中就可以找出答案，是因为经济回报的吸引，即选项the attraction of financial rewards。

By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (考研阅读真题2013 Text 1)

在这个句子中，shaking 分词短语作结果状语，表示品牌绑架时尚圈的后果。

Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. (考研阅读真题2013 Text 3)

在这个句子中，leading分词短语作结果状语，表示科技将治愈人类所有疾病后带来的结果。

八、与逻辑主语构成独立主格，如

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. (考研阅读真题2013 Text 2)

在这种结构中，需要注意非谓语动词的主语是其前出现的名词或名词短语。Being what it is 的逻辑主语是human nature, 翻译为人类本性就是这样。

二、关于分词作状语

英语状语

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

1.副词一般在句子中做状语．

He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.

He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree(地点状语)

2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。

I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.

3.介词短语

My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.

The boy was praised for his bravery.

4.从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.

If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.

5.分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.

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(一)什么是状语

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情状,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制.

状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前加附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分.

(二)状语的构成

经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等.

含有动量词的数量短语以及重叠式的数量短语(不论动量,物量)也可以充当状语.

此外,少数名词带上表比况的助词也可以作状语.

(三)状语的书面标志——"地"

状语的书面标志是结构助词"地".状语后面带或者是不带"地",情况比较复杂.一般讲来,数量短语,主谓短语,动宾短语等作状语时,大都带"地";而介词短语,方位短语,能愿动词,时间处所名词作状语时不能带"地",副词,单音节形容词作状语一般也不带"地".

(四)多层状语

如果一个中心语前面有好几个消巧状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些.

多层状语的一般语序:

1.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语;

2.副词.

3.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语;

4.表情态的形容词或谓词短语;

5.表对象的介词短语.

其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后.

(五)一枣纯般状语和句首状语

状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前拿岩键,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语".

(二)主谓句

主谓句是由主语,谓语两个部分构成的单句,又叫双部句.在句子结构的第一个层次上就主谓双全是它的特点.

根据谓语的构成,或者说,根据充当谓语的词或短语的词性或语法功能类别,可将主谓句分成动词谓语句,形容词谓语句,名词谓语句三种.

1,动词谓语句:谓语由动词或动词性短语充当的主谓句.

2,形容词谓语句:由形容词或形容词性短语充当谓语的主谓句.

3,名词谓语句:由名词或名词性短语充当谓语的句子.

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三、分词作状语

1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或氏漏衫伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：

Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005上海) 分词短语作时间状语

Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建) 分词短语作原因状语

Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）分词短语作条件状语

We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) (2006全国3) 分词短语作伴随状语

2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：

When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江）

Though tired, he still continued reading.

3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。

不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现歼腔在分词。例如：

When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04湖北）

分词部分相当于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与搜饥分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。

When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

When we compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主语与分词是主动关系, 所以用现在分词。

Faced with a bill for＄10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for＄10,000), John has taken an extra job. (2006全国2)

Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing). （2006江苏）

注意：

1. 现在分词有两种时态：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后；完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。 如：

While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.（同时发生）

Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京） （“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”）

2. 分词的否定式的构成: not +分词。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.